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Vietnam’s anniversary solar accession amount of 9GW captured account in January 2021. But how did Vietnam abound its accumulative solar installations from a 2018 abject of 106MWp, according to All-embracing Renewable Activity Agency (IRENA) Renewable Accommodation Statistics, to year end 2020 accumulative PV accommodation of over 19.4GWp?

In a word, policy. The uncapped solar Feed-in Assessment (FIT) allurement behavior to be added specific.

On 11 April 2017, Vietnam’s Prime Minister accustomed Accommodation No: 11 /2017/QD-TTg on abutment mechanisms for the development of solar adeptness projects in Vietnam, ablution the aboriginal FIT policy. The Solar FIT affairs appropriate account aggregation Vietnam Electricity (EVN) to acquirement electricity from grid-connected solar projects over a aeon of 20 years at 2,086 Vietnamese Dong (VND) per kWh, excluding VAT, Value Added Tax, agnate to US$0.0935 per kWh based on the State Bank of Vietnam barter amount at the time and accordingly accountable to barter amount risk.

The PPA (Power Acquirement Agreement) follows a adjustment issued by the Vietnam Ministry of Industry and Trade (MOIT). To qualify, on-grid solar projects were appropriate to use solar beef with greater than 16% adeptness or modules with greater than 15% adeptness and accomplish COD (Commercial Operation Date) by 30 June 2019.

On-grid solar projects, about arena mounted, additionally appropriate approval for admittance into the Adeptness Development Master Plan while rooftop solar projects did not. Solar projects beneath 50MWp bare approval from MOIT, and solar projects 50MWp or greater in accommodation appropriate Prime Ministerial approval for admittance into the Adeptness Development Master Plan.

Vietnam’s aboriginal FIT action created a solar arena arise bang with 2019 installations of about 5.317GWp from a accumulative 2018 solar abject of 106MWp, authoritative Vietnam the solar PV baton of ASEAN.

However, the solar arena arise bang additionally created aerial voltage filigree bottleneck in Ninh Thuan and Binh Thuan Provinces, arch to solar activity curtailments still actuality mitigated, formed through, and bound until today.

After the cessation of the aboriginal FIT action (FIT1) on 30 June 2019, Vietnam digested the solar advance and advised new allurement behavior with a focus on rooftop solar to accomplish electricity area it is bare after apropos of filigree congestion.

During the antecedent beachcomber of COVID-19 in Vietnam, the Prime Minister issued Accommodation No. 13/2020/QD-TTg on the apparatus for auspicious the development of solar adeptness on 6 April 2020, ambience the action framework for Vietnam’s amazing rooftop solar market.

Dubbed ‘FIT2’, the new allurement action paid 1,943VND per kWh (US$0.0838 per kWh), based on the State Bank of Vietnam barter amount at the time, over a aeon of 20 years with COD accomplished by year end 31 December 2020. The FIT2 ante for arena arise and amphibian solar projects were USD$0.0709/ kWh and USD $0.0769/kWh appropriately with the aforementioned appellation and COD deadline.

Initial FIT2 expectations were for an addendum of the FIT1 amount of 2,086VND per kWh (US$0.0935/kWh) for rooftop solar. However, FIT2 did accommodate a appropriate FIT1 addendum for assertive grid-connected solar projects in Ninh Thuan Province not above 2000MW in accommodation already included in the Adeptness Development Master Plan and accomplishing COD by 31 December 2020.

An important additive of the FIT2 action included accuracy on accumulated PPAs for rooftop solar systems enabling electricity affairs amid a rooftop solar developer and a clandestine company.

Vietnam’s 2020 rooftop solar bang has apparent added revisions upward, with an added 148MWp added to the absolute 9.731GWp over the accomplished ages as the state-owned EVN advised the abstracts per the latest Viet Nam Activity Partnership Group (VEPG) report.

Throughout 2020 rooftop solar installations in Vietnam grew by a cogent 2,474%, ascent from a 2019 abject of 378MWp to 9.731GWp, advance above 105,212 systems. Per the inset chart, Vietnam rooftop solar installations grew steadily in H1 2020 admitting the communicable and a civic lockdown aeon imposed in the country. Rooftop solar advance connected to advance throughout Q3 2020, and accumulative Vietnam rooftop solar accomplished an absorbing 2.876GWp by end of November 2020, with account installations of some 851MWp.

While best forecasted a few GWp ambit of rooftop solar installations in the aftermost month, December 2020 saw Vietnam rooftop solar installations accelerate by 6.855GWp, bedeviled by the bartering and automated (C&I) articulation with 5.792GWp and 392.6MWp anniversary respectively. Per TuoiTre Online, in the final three canicule of December 2020 afore the FIT2 action expired, Vietnam added 19,209 PV systems, agnate to about 4.4419 GWp of capacity, according to the revised figures. All these systems appropriate EVN third affair testing for filigree affiliation and accomplished PPAs with EVN to participate in FIT2.

Furthermore, a 31 December 31 2020 apprehension from the MOIT arise accumulative PV accommodation to accept accomplished 16.449GWp (13.160 GWac) by year end, implying accession 1.549GWp of arena arise and amphibian solar projects additionally accomplished COD beneath FIT2 in 2020.

However, 38 solar projects or 2.888GWac did not authorize for FIT2. Perhaps some of these did not accommodated the rooftop solar requirements. MOIT antiseptic the rooftop solar analogue aback in September as a cardinal of agronomical rooftops were congenital for the sole purpose of installing solar. The backward year billow may accept included these structures adapted by amalgam walls in adjustment to authorize for the FIT2.  These projects arise to be included in the 19.400GWp 2020 accumulative PV accommodation cardinal from Vietnamese account sources, citation EVN.

While FIT1 and its almsman accept apprenticed solar to new heights in Vietnam, the country has been crafting added focused behavior to incentivise renewables for the accomplished few years.

Solar auctions accept been proposed in Vietnam for the absolute bargain of electricity to EVN, transitioning solar farms abroad from edgeless feed-in assessment action mechanisms. FITs accept led to concentrated development of solar farms in Vietnam’s accomplished solar adeptness provinces, Ninh Thuan and Binh Thuan, affirmation aerial voltage manual band accommodation and consistent in abbreviation for abounding solar farms. Also, bounded Provincial People’s Committee approval ascendancy for solar projects beneath 50MWp in accommodation resulted in abundant solar farms accustomed with capacities aloof beneath that mark.

The antecedent Solar Bargain Pilot Program, categorical in a 25 September 2020 (No: 7200/BCT-ĐL) MOIT Abstract Decision, was accepted to activate in 2020 and abide through May 2021 as a alteration appearance to the barrage of a civic solar bargain program. While absolute accommodation for the pilot affairs is capped at 1GWp, alone 60% of the accommodating projects absolute accommodation will be called to ensure a aggressive process, and a distinct broker cannot beat 20% of the absolute called capacity. Pilot Affairs participants are bound to arena arise or amphibian solar acreage projects already included in the Adeptness Development Master Plan and not acceptable for FIT2.

Projects behest the everyman assessment amount and affair all added affairs belief will be called to assurance a PPA with EVN until the aloft accommodation constraints are reached. However, the proposed solar activity assessment charge not beat the FIT2 assessment ante for arena arise and amphibian solar projects. MOIT has proposed that the archetypal PPA for FIT2 administer to the Pilot Affairs with the aforementioned 20-year PPA appellation from activity COD. PPAs will afresh be paid in VND and accountable to VND to USD barter amount fluctuation.

Additional activity requirements for the Pilot Affairs accommodate the adeptness of the EVN filigree basement to blot the project’s proposed capacity, a proposed COD by 30 June 2022, and approval by the bounded Provincial People’s Committee for accord in the Pilot Program. The project’s assessment as bent by the behest action would be bargain 5% for anniversary division of adjournment declining to accomplish the 30 June 2022 date.

More recently, on 21 January 2021, the Electricity and Renewable Activity Ascendancy of Vietnam (EREA) Abstract Accommodation (No. 20/BC-DL) focuses aloft broker alternative belief and accommodation requirements for the civic solar bargain program.

Of course, any of the Abstract Decisions are accountable to added MOIT review, consultation, and the Vietnam Prime Minister’s final approval and signature.

Additionally, Vietnam has proposed a renewable, basic Absolute Adeptness Acquirement Acceding (DPPA) affairs acceptance factories and businesses to accommodated -to-be 100% renewable activity goals from clandestine firms through a banking arrangement.

Also accepted as a constructed DPPA, a accumulated chump (off-taker) enters into a DPPA with a solar activity developer to acquirement off-site renewable electricity at an agreed aloft quantity, bang price, and arrangement term. In return, the accumulated chump additionally obtains the Renewable Activity Certificates (RECs) generated by the apprenticed electricity. Otherwise, the accumulated chump continues to acquirement adeptness commonly through their activity provider or utility, EVN in this case, whose activity mix includes the solar project.

The solar activity developer sells the project’s electricity to the account via the Vietnam Wholesale Electricity Bazaar (VWEM) at the atom price. The DPPA arrangement is acclimatized amid the accumulated chump and the solar activity developer through a Arrangement for Differences (CfD). If the atom amount is beneath than the bang price, the accumulated chump pays the solar activity developer the difference; and carnality versa, the solar activity developer pays the accumulated chump the aberration if the atom amount is college than the bang price.

The DPPA acquirement beck enables the solar activity developer to accounts the activity and provides the accumulated chump a barrier from ascent electricity prices. But as with added affairs with EVN, solar activity developers are anxious about curtailment, termination, and force majeure accident risks.

The avant-garde action apparatus has been developed by the MOIT and Electricity Regulatory Ascendancy of Vietnam (ERAV) with the abutment of the United States Agency for All-embracing Development (USAID).

Last January, MOIT issued Proposal No. 544/TTr-BCT and Abstract Accommodation on the approval of a pilot affairs for the absolute adeptness acquirement acceding (DPPA) apparatus amid renewable activity adeptness bearing companies and adeptness consumers. The proposed pilot for off-site renewable activity projects was sized amid 400MW and 1000MW and accustomed assertive belief for activity developers and accumulated barter to participate.

Project developers charge to annals for the DPPA Pilot Program, accept an on-grid installed arrangement accommodation greater than 30MW, be included in the Adeptness Development Master Plan with aught or low accident of filigree congestion, and accept acceptable banking and abstruse adequacy and acquaintance in renewable activity activity development and operations.

Corporate barter additionally charge to annals for the DPPA Pilot Program, acquirement electricity at 22kV or college voltage level, accept acceptable banking and abstruse adequacy with antecedence accustomed to accumulated barter accepting all-embracing commitments  apropos the environment, altitude change, and acceptable development.

Multinational brands and adopted absolute investors are able advocates for the DPPA affairs to accommodated sustainability goals and adeptness their circuitous accumulation chains with renewable energy. According to Nikkei Asia, Nike and H&M abutting 29 appearance brands in a letter to Vietnamese Prime Minister Nguyen Xuan Phuc aftermost December advancement the country to accept DPPAs amid accumulated barter and renewable activity activity developers.

A DPPA Pilot Affairs was accepted aftermost year but may yet admission in 2021 as abstruse and acknowledged issues are bound afore the introduction. A new abstract or final apparatus is appropriate to kickstart the DPPA Pilot Program. However, an all-encompassing acknowledged roadmap charcoal to be navigated, including acknowledged amendments for the VWEM and DPPA mechanisms, about-face of the Civic Amount Dispatch Center (NLDC) into an Independent Arrangement Operator, and amendments to Electricity Law and Pricing Law possibly accession the accomplishing into 2022 and beyond.

Prospects for the addendum of the rooftop solar FIT action accept now dimmed, and EVN has declared new PPAs for rooftop solar adeptness would stop with the cessation of the FIT2 policy. Thus far, a new accommodation on solar FIT action has not alike been drafted.

In my opinion, a bounded FIT for arctic and arctic axial Vietnam would advance solar PV in areas that accept lagged abaft others in installations. In addition, a new FIT could incentivise solar and wind additional accumulator to abode aiguille adeptness appeal in Vietnam from 5:30-6:30pm.

Released on 2 October 2020, Resolution No.140/NQ-CP Promulgating the Government’s Action Programme for implementing Resolution no. 55-NQ/TW anachronous 11/02/2020 of Politburo apropos orientations of the Vietnamese Civic Activity Development Strategy until 2030, with a eyes till 2045, provides insights on solar and renewable cardinal priorities. In particular, the afterward goals are outlined:

Development of an “Incentive apparatus for development of broadcast solar adeptness projects for self-consumption” is targeted for the 2020-2022 timeframe.

According to TuoiTre Online, EVN has already bidding apropos apropos balance solar bearing on weekends and holidays. Alike during weekdays, EVN has empiric the avoid ambit abnormality amid 10:00am and 2:00pm from balance solar electricity bearing impacting the filigree adeptness system. By contrast, aiguille adeptness appeal in Vietnam from 5:30-6:30pm cannot be addressed by solar.

The NLDC (A0), still an EVN subsidiary, said renewable activity including solar and wind could not be absolutely utilised during low amount hours, weekends, or over the Tet (Vietnamese Lunar New Year) anniversary week. Sure enough, some automated rooftop solar systems were instructed by A0 to abbreviate their achievement over this year’s Tet anniversary week.

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